Recent advances in exercise physiology have revolutionized marathon training approaches. The traditional high-mileage preparation model has been supplemented with precision-based training methods that optimize individual performance factors.

Genetic testing now plays a crucial role in designing training programs, allowing coaches to tailor nutrition, recovery, and workout intensities to each runner's unique profile. This personalized approach has led to significant improvements in both elite and amateur performance levels.

Smart textiles and wearable technology provide real-time feedback on muscle fatigue, hydration levels, and energy expenditure, enabling runners to make immediate adjustments to their training intensity.